Understanding Hepatitis B: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It's caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. The virus can also be spread from mother to child during childbirth.

There are several forms of HBV, including acute and chronic infections. Acute infection typically resolves on its own within a few months, but chronic infection can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In most cases, people with acute HBV infection don't experience any symptoms. However, some individuals may develop mild flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.

Chronic HBV infection can cause more severe symptoms, including dark urine, pale or clay-colored stools, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).

Prevention and Treatment

The best way to prevent HBV is through vaccination. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing the virus from taking hold, especially when administered shortly after exposure.

If you're already infected with HBV, antiviral medications can help manage the infection and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.